Below is a listing of recurring cycles. See also list of wave topics Contents: Top · 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z, time Time has been defined as the continuum in which events occur in succession from the past to the present and on to the future. Time has also been defined as a one-dimensional quantity used to sequence events, to quantify the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify and measure the motions of objects and other changes, and pattern A pattern, from the French patron, is a type of theme of recurring events or objects, sometimes referred to as elements of a set. These elements repeat in a predictable manner. It can be a template or model which can be used to generate things or parts of a thing, especially if the things that are created have enough in common for the underlying.
Contents |
Time and calendar cycles
Atomic clock An atomic clock is a type of clock that uses an atomic resonance frequency standard as its timekeeping element. They are the most accurate time and frequency standards known, and are used as primary standards for international time distribution services, to control the frequency of television broadcasts, and in global navigation satellite systems - Calendar A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years. The name given to each day is known as a date. Periods in a calendar are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the - Chinese calendar The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. It is not exclusive to China, but followed by many other Asian cultures. It is often referred to as the Chinese calendar because it was first perfected by the Chinese around 500 BCE . In most of East Asia today, the Gregorian - Computus Computus is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. The name has been used for this procedure since the early Middle Ages, as it was one of the most important computations of the age - Deepavali Diwali or Dīpāvali (Tamil: தீபாவளி, Gujarati: દિવાળી, Hindi: दिवाली, Kannada: ದೀಪಾವಳಿ, Konkani: धाकली दिवाळी, Malayalam: ദീപാവലി, Marathi: दिवाळी, Nepali: दिपावली, Oriya: ଦୀପାବଳୀ, Sanskrit: दीपावली, Telugu: - Ephemeris Time The term ephemeris time can in principle refer to time in connection with any astronomical ephemeris. In practice it has been used more specifically to refer to: - Hertz The hertz is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications - Intellectual history of time - Julian date Julian day is used in the Julian date system of time measurement for scientific use by the astronomy community. Julian date is recommended for astronomical use by the International Astronomical Union - Season A season is a division of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of daylight
Main article: Time Cycles Time cycles signify a 360 degree circular or elliptical rotation, orbit or journey in time typically of an object such as a planet or moon. In the case of the precession of the equinoxes, the cycle is determined by the 360 degree shifting of the equinoctal axis. Time cycles can also refer to larger rotations or orbits such as the time it takes forPlanetary cycles
Astronomical cycles
Astronomy Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe - Aztec calendar The Aztec calendar is the calendar system that was used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. It is one of the Mesoamerican calendars, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout ancient Mesoamerica - Eclipse cycle Eclipses may occur repeatedly, separated by certain intervals of time: these intervals are called eclipse cycles. The series of eclipses separated by a repeat of one of these intervals is called an eclipse series - Eclipse An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object moves into the shadow of another. When an eclipse occurs within a stellar system, such as the Solar System, it forms the alignment of three or more celestial bodies in the same gravitational system along a straight line - Full moon cycle The full moon cycle is a cycle of about 14 lunations over which full moons vary in apparent size and age . The sequence is - Great year - Lunar phase A lunar phase or phase of the moon refers to the appearance of the illuminated portion of the Moon as seen by an observer, usually on Earth. The lunar phases vary cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth, according to the changing relative positions of the Earth, Moon and Sun. One half of the lunar surface is always illuminated by the Sun , and - Metonic cycle The Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris in astronomy and calendar studies is a particular approximate common multiple of the tropical year and the synodic month. The Greek astronomer Meton of Athens observed that a period of 19 tropical years is almost exactly equal to 235 synodic months, and rounded to full days counts 6940 days. The difference - Milankovitch cycles Milankovitch Theory describes the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements upon its climate, named after Serbian civil engineer and mathematician Milutin Milanković, who worked on it during First World War internment. Milanković mathematically theorised that variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's - Mira Mira, pronounced /ˈmaɪrə/, also known as Omicron Ceti , is a red giant star estimated 200-400 light years away in the constellation Cetus. Mira is a binary star, consisting of the red giant Mira A along with Mira B. Mira A is also an oscillating variable star and was the first non-supernova variable star discovered, with the possible exception - Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite[nb 4] and is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, a quarter the diameter of Earth and 1/81 its mass, and is the second densest satellite after Io. It is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always - Nutation Nutation is a slight irregular motion (literally "a nodding") in the axis of rotation of a largely axially symmetric object, such as a gyroscope, planet, or bullet in flight. A pure nutation is a movement of the rotation axis such that the first Euler angle (precession) is constant - Orbit In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body, for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star - Orbital period Copernicus devised a mathematical formula to calculate a planet's sidereal period from its synodic period - Saros - Secularity For instance, eating and bathing may be regarded as examples of secular activities, because there may not be anything inherently religious about them. Nevertheless, both eating and bathing are regarded as sacraments in some religious traditions, and therefore would be religious activities in those world views. Saying a prayer derived from - Sunspots Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They are caused by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection, forming areas of reduced surface temperature. Although they are at temperatures of roughly 3,000–4,500 K , the contrast with the surrounding - Tides Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Most places in the ocean usually experience two high tides and two low tides each day , but some locations experience only one high and one low tide each day (diurnal tide). The times
Climate and weather cycles
Avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, from either natural triggers or human activity. Typically occurring in mountainous terrain, an avalanche can mix air and water with the descending snow. Powerful avalanches have the capability to entrain ice, rocks, trees, and other material on the slope. Avalanches are primarily composed of - Carbon cycle The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. It is one of the most important cycles of the earth and allows for carbon to be recycled and reused throughout the biosphere and all of its organisms[citation needed] - Climate change Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the distribution of weather events around an average . Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth - Climate model Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice. They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the climate system to projections of future climate - Clock of the Long Now - Ecology Ecology is the scientific study of the distributions, abundance and relations of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Ecology includes the study of plant and animal populations, plant and animal communities and ecosystems. Ecosystems describe the web or network of relations among organisms at different scales of organization - Endometrium The endometrium functions as a lining for the uterus, preventing adhesions between the opposed walls of the myometrium, thereby maintaining the patency of the uterine cavity. During the menstrual cycle or estrous cycle, the endometrium grows to a thick, blood vessel-rich, glandular tissue layer. This represents an optimal environment for the - Environmental geography Environmental geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world. It requires an understanding of the dynamics of geology, meteorology, hydrology, biogeography, ecology, and geomorphology, as well as the ways in which human societies conceptualize the environment - Global cooling Global cooling was a conjecture during the 1970s of imminent cooling of the Earth's surface and atmosphere along with a posited commencement of glaciation. This hypothesis had little support in the scientific community, but gained temporary popular attention due to a combination of press reports that did not accurately reflect the scientific - Global warming and agriculture - Global warming Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 20th - Historical temperature record - Ice age An "ice age" or, more precisely, "glacial age" is a generic geological period of long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in an expansion of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of extra cold climate are termed & - Mars Polar Lander Mars Polar Lander is one of two exploration vehicles of the NASA Mars Surveyor '98 program. Launched on 3 January 1999, 23 days after its partner, the Mars Climate Orbiter, the mission ended in failure with the loss of both craft in separate incidents. After attempts to re-establish communications failed following entry into Mars atmosphere, the - Migration - Migration (human) Human migration is physical movement by humans from one district to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. The movement of populations in modern times has continued under the form of both voluntary migration within one's region, country, or beyond, and involuntary migration . People who migrate are called migrants, or, more - Milankovitch cycles Milankovitch Theory describes the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements upon its climate, named after Serbian civil engineer and mathematician Milutin Milanković, who worked on it during First World War internment. Milanković mathematically theorised that variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's - Monsoon Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by seasonal changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally-changing - Pleistocene The Pleistocene is the epoch from 2.588 million to 12,000 years BP covering the world's recent period of repeated glaciations. The name pleistocene is derived from the Greek πλεῖστος (pleistos "most") and καινός (kainos "new") - Season A season is a division of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of daylight - Sunspot Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They are caused by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection, forming areas of reduced surface temperature. Although they are at temperatures of roughly 3,000–4,500 K , the contrast with the surrounding - Tides Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Most places in the ocean usually experience two high tides and two low tides each day , but some locations experience only one high and one low tide each day (diurnal tide). The times - Timeline of meteorology The timeline of meteorology contains events of scientific and technological advancements in the area of atmospheric sciences. The most notable advancements in observational meteorology, weather forecasting, climatology, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric physics are listed chronologically. Some historical weather events are included that mark - 1500-year climate cycle
Geological cycles
Age of the Earth The age of the Earth is around 4.54 billion years . This age has been determined by radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples. The Sun, in comparison, is about 4.57 billion years old, about 30 million years older - Climate change Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the distribution of weather events around an average . Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth - Earthquake cycles
Organic cycles
Agricultural cycles
Agricultural cycle - Belgian Congo - Climate change - Consciousness - Crop rotation - Fertile Crescent - Global warming and agriculture - Harvest - Organic farming - Season - Soil degradation - Sustainable industries
Biological and medical cycles
Alternation of generations - Bioelectricity - Biological clock - Biological pest control - Biorhythm - Bipolar disorder - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Calvin cycle - Cell cycle - Chronobiology - Citric acid cycle - Circadian rhythm - Claude Lévi-Strauss - Clinical depression - Ecology - Feedback - Life cycle - List of biochemistry topics - Manfred Eigen - Marine biology - Menstrual cycle - Neurofeedback - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Organic farming - Polymerase chain reaction - Soil degradation - Stomach cancer - Triage - Zygote
Brain waves and cycles
Bioelectricity - Circadian rhythm - Consciousness - Electroencephalography - Neurofeedback - Persistent vegetative state - Sjögren's syndrome - Sleep
Physics cycles
Cyclic process - Double-slit experiment - Dynamic theory of gravity - Physics of music - Resonance - Sonoluminescence - Speed of light - Sunspot
Mathematics of waves and cycles
Almost periodic function - Amplitude modulation - Amplitude - Beat - Chaos theory - Cyclic group - Diffraction - Doppler effect - Eigenstate - Eigenvalue - Fourier series - Frequency domain - Frequency spectrum - Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) - Harmonic oscillator - Huygens' principle - Longitudinal wave - Mechanical wave - Navier-Stokes equations - Partial differential equation - Periodic function - Permutation - Phase (waves) - Physics of music - Power spectrum - Signal - Sine-wave - Spectrum of an operator - Translational symmetry - Transverse wave - Wave equation - Wave–particle duality - Wave - Waveform
|
